Mobula mobular

Dorsal surfaces bluish black; 2 crescentic white patches on shoulders most obvious in embryos and juveniles, fading in adults. Ventral surfaces white, sometimes with dark patches in adults.

Attains at least 310 cm DW; males mature at 198–205 cm DW; born at about 85–92 cm DW.

Probably circumglobal in all tropical and warm temperate waters.

A pelagic inshore, offshore and possibly oceanic species, found in coastal regions to well offshore.

Viviparous, with histotrophy; gives birth to a single pup after an unknown gestation period. Feeds primarily on zooplankton (primarily small shrimps), and to a lesser extent small fishes. Occasionally seen by divers but often confused for one of the other larger Mobula species.

Very common bycatch of the gillnet fisheries targeting skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). Utilised for its gill filter plates (very high value), meat, cartilage and skin.